Here’s how you can create a Python virtual environment: $ python3 -m venv mykivyproject This will copy your Python 3 executable into a folder called mykivyproject and add a few other subfolders to that directory. To use your virtual environment, you need to activate it. Py2app - Create standalone Mac OS X applications with Python¶. Py2app is a Python setuptools command which will allow you to make standalone application bundles and plugins from Python scripts. Py2app is similar in purpose and design to py2exe for Windows. Its basic usage is just compressing a bunch of Python files into a zip file with extension.pyz than can be directly executed as python myapp.pyz, but you can also make a self-contained package from a requirements.txt file: $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt -target myapp $ python -m zipapp -p 'interpreter' myapp. In order to develop apps for iOS, you will need a Mac (MacBook, iMac or Mac mini) and free software called Xcode (version 10.2 or higher). Follow the steps below to get started: Open the Mac App.
This is an overview of the best tools and the best resources for buildingdesktop applications in Python. https://tengenerous.weebly.com/ez-go-golf-cart-serial-number-location.html.
First things first. You can build great desktop applications in Python, and someare widely used (like Dropbox). But you'll have to find your own way much morethan you would using Microsoft's or Apple's SDKs. https://datingsite650.weebly.com/new-sage-line-50-v12-download-download-and-torrent-2016.html. The upside is that, with a bitof legwork to package it appropriately, it's quite feasible to write a Pythonapplication that works on all the major platforms.
GUI toolkits
The first thing you'll need to choose is a GUI toolkit. https://everla452.weebly.com/best-mac-apps-november-2018.html.
- For traditional desktop UIs, Qt is a clear winner. It's powerful, looksnative on all the major platforms, and has probably the biggest community.There are two different Python bindings: PyQtis older and more mature, but it's only free if your application is open source(licensing), whilePySide is newer and more permissivelylicensed (LGPL). I refer to the main Qt docsa lot - the C++ examples mostly translate to Python quite well - but both PyQt's and PySide's docs contain some useful information.Qt Designer isa drag and drop interface to design your UI; you can compile its .ui filesto Python modules with the pyuic command line tool.
- For attractive, tablet-style interfaces, Kivy is theright choice. It's a fairly young but promising system. If you want to bringyour application to tablets and smartphones, then Kivy is the only optionthat I'm aware of. More info
- When you want a basic GUI and don't care about aesthetics, Tkinter is asimple option. It's installed as part of Python. Python's own tkinter documentation is rather minimal, but itlinks to a bunch of other resources. This siteis my favourite - it hasn't been updated in years, but then neither has Tkinter(except that in Python 3, you import tkinter rather than import Tkinter).
- pygame is popular for building simple 2D games. Thereare also frameworks for 3D graphics (pyglet,Panda3d), but I don't know much about them.
- An increasingly popular option is to write your application as a local webserver, and build the UI in HTML and Javascript. This lets you use Python'slarge ecosystem of web frameworks and libraries, but it's harder to integratewith desktop conventions for things like opening files and window management.CEF Python lets you make a windowfor your application, based on Google Chrome, but I haven't tried that.
A couple of alternatives I wouldn't recommend unless you have a reason to preferthem: GTK is popular on Linux, but itlooks ugly on other platforms. The older pygtkbindings have excellent documentation; the newer PyGObjectsystem, which supports recent versions of GTK and Python, doesn't (though it'sgetting better). wx seems to have a good community, but development is slow,and new projects that could have used it now mostly seem to pick Qt.
Packaging and Distribution
This is probably the roughest part of making an application in Python. You caneasily distribute tools for developers as Python packages to be installed usingpip, but end users don't generally have Python and pip already set up. Pythonpackages also can't depend on something like Qt. There are a number of ways topackage your application and its dependencies:
- Pynsist, my own project, makesa Windows installer which installs a version of Python that you specify, andthen installs your application. Unlike the other tools listed here, it doesn'ttry to 'freeze' your application into an exe, but makes shortcuts which launch.py files. This avoids certain kinds of bugs.
- cx_Freeze is a freeze tool:it makes an executable out of your application. It works on Windows, Mac andLinux, but only produces the executable for the platform you run it on (youcan't make a Windows exe on Linux, for example).It can make simple packages (.msi for Windows, .dmg for Mac, .rpm for Linux),or you can feed its output into NSIS orInno Setup to have more control overbuilding a Windows installer.
- PyInstaller is similar to cx_Freeze.It doesn't yet support Python 3 (update: it does now, since October 2015),but it does have the ability to produce a 'single file' executable.
- py2app is a freeze tool specificallyfor building Mac .app bundles.
- py2exe is a Windows-only freeze tool.Development stopped for a long time, but at the time of writing there is somerecent activity on it.
Linux packaging
Although some of the freeze tools can build Linux binaries, the preferred way todistribute software is to make a package containing just your application, whichhas dependencies on Python and the libraries your application uses. So yourpackage doesn't contain everything it needs, but it tells the package managerwhat other pieces it needs installed.
Unfortunately, the procedures for preparing these are pretty complex, and Linuxdistributions still don't have a common package format. The main ones are debpackages, used by Debian, Ubuntu and Mint, and rpm packages, used by Fedora andRed Hat. I don't know of a good, simple guide to packaging Python applicationsfor either - if you find one or write one, let me know.
You can get users to download and install your package, but if you want it toreceive updates through the package manager, you'll need to host it in arepository. Submitting your package to the distribution's main repositories makesit easiest for users to install, but it has to meet the distro's qualitystandards, and you generally can't push new feature releases to people except whenthey upgrade the whole distribution. Some distributions offer hosting forpersonal repos: Ubuntu's PPAs, or Fedora's Fedorapeople repositories. You canalso set up a repository on your own server.
If you don't want to think about all that, just make a tarball of your application,and explain to Linux users next to the download what it requires.
Miscellaneous
- Threading: If your application does anything taking longer than about a tenthof a second, you should do it in a background thread, so your UI doesn't freezeup. Be sure to only interact with GUI elements from the main thread, or youcan get segfaults. Python's GIL isn't a big issue here: the UI thread shouldn'tneed much Python processing time.
- Updates: Esky is a framework forupdating frozen Python applications. I haven't tried it, but it looks interesting.
Do you want to share a Python script to a friend that doesn’t have Python installed? In this post you’ll learn how ?
With the py2app package you can compile a Python script and create a portable Mac application. If you’re using windows, you can check py2exe.
First of all, we need to install the py2app python package. If you have a virtual environment, activate it now ?
Next, we need to create a setup.py Ridoh license. file for our project. In your working directory (the one that contains your Python script), type:
This will create the file setup.py, which is responsible to tell setuptools how to build your application.
If you edit this file, you should see something like:
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 | This is a setup.py script generated by py2applet Usage: '' from setuptools import setup APP=['MyApplication.py'] OPTIONS={'argv_emulation':True} setup( data_files=DATA_FILES, setup_requires=['py2app'], |
You should put the name of your starting python script (the one your run to start) in the APP variable. https://everla452.weebly.com/polar-watch-app-mac.html.
![Mac Mac](/uploads/1/3/4/1/134110434/742434199.jpg)
Also, if your application uses some data files, like a json or a txt file, you should include it in DATA_FILES. For example:
Now, we will compile our project in Alias mode. This instructs py2app to build an application that uses the source data files in-place. Note that this means that the application will not be portable to other machines (we’ll do that next!).
You will have two new folders inside your working directory: build and dist. Mac app that emails when device connects to network remotely. The first one is used for building your app (you don’t have to touch it) and the second one contains your application bundle.
From the working directory, you can run your app using:
2 | AttributeError:'ModuleGraph'objecthas no attribute'scan_code' AttributeError:'ModuleGraph'objecthas no attribute'load_module' |
Edit the file where this error ocured (for me, it was inside the virtual environment folder, named myenv), at:
2 4 | 'argv_emulation':True, } |
After saving the file, remove again the build and dist directories, build your application and try to run it. Maybe another package failed? Try to include it in the setup file and start over.
However, not all the errors you get will be solved like this, sorry…!
Once you’re application runs correctly, and you’re happy with the results, you can share it by copying the application bundle dist/application_name.
Uninstall jamf mac. That’s all! Hope it was useful!
And please, don’t forget to share it with your friends, they might find it useful too ?